Artificial Intelligence – Changing the world like never before!
AlI has made decision making easier than never before. It is reducing human errors and increasing efficiency in a process. It is helping a dumb to speak and helping a paralysed person to express his/her thoughts. Smart phones, intelligent gadgets, drones, robots, and satellites are some of the daily life examples of intelligent machines. Applications of AI in manufacturing, health care and finance are numerous. But with all these positives aspects of the technology, there is a serious debate associated with AI. For example, technological advancements have always led to the human job threats. Artificial Intelligence Not
Human race has been developing various technologies to change its life style. Some technologies have drastically changed the world and living behavior of humans. From the discovery of wheel, to engines to computers −all such disruptive technologies have contributed in shaping today’s world. What next? The smart gadgets, machines, and robots are now winning the world and changing human life. These all are the gifts of technology collectively known as Artificial Intelligence (AI). Artificial Intelligence is an area of computer science. It focusses on creating intelligent machines that can perform tasks like human brains or even better than that. Artificial Intelligence is across-domain technology of different branches like statistical analysis and machine learning, pattern recognition, logic and probability theory, biologically motivated approaches such as neural networks, evolutionary computing or fuzzy modelling, and the like. Using these approaches different types of basic functions are attained by the Artificial Intelligence technology. A few examples include learning, reasoning, classification, prediction, problem-solving, language comprehension, hypothesis generation, and the list is endless. The vague description of a metallic intelligent creatures can be found in Greek mythology. Artificial Intelligence Notes
Talos was a creature made of bronze metal, created to protect the Europa in Crete from pirates and invaders. The industrial revolution and World Wars I and II ed to the great advances in technology. In 1948, British mathematician Alan Turing in his Intelligent Machinery wrote “My contention is that machine can be constructed, which will simulate the behavior of the human mind very closely”. In 1948 and 1949, the American-born British neuro physiologist and robotician William Grey Walter created the first ever robot named Elmer and Elsie. These robots were called tortoises because of their slow movement. They possessed the ability to move in the direction of light. But the term artificial intelligence was first coined by American computer scientist pioneer and inventor John McCarthy in 1956 at Dartmouth Conference of Stanford University. And a race started to build a machine with general intelligence compared to that of human beings. Despite many efforts being put by the scientific community, the quest for Artificial Intelligence appeared to be in danger by early 1970s as there were no satisfactory advancements despite heavy investments by the governments. In 1980s the AI took a different turn into a specific business solution. Rather than creating a machine with general intelligence a system was created for performing a Pre-decided set of tasks. Digital Equipment Corporation was one of the few organisations to realise the benefit of Artificial Intelligence . But such kinds of expert systems were not comparable to that of biological intelligence of humans/animals. In 1990, Australian roboticist Rodney Brooks published a paper “Elephant don’t play chess”. He argued that pre-programming of machine with intelligent instructions to attain the desired task was a wrong attempt, and he called for an approach known as ‘Behavior-based’ approach that helped in creating more intelligent robots. Since then, Artificial Intelligence has traveled a long way. Smart phones, intelligent gadgets, drones, robots, and satellites are some of the daily life examples of intelligent machines. But are these the only applications of such an intelligent technology? The answer is obviously no. The applications of Artificial Intelligence are numerous and the technology has also started challenging humans in many spheres. Artificial Intelligence Notes
Panorama of Artificial Intelligence applications Artificial Intelligence Notes
Many science fiction cartoons are just a few years away from reality now. Covering all spheres of Artificial Intelligence applications will be a difficult task, so we discuss only a few common applications of Artificial Intelligence Notes
Gaming – In gaming the most common use of AI is to create a non-player character or a machine player. The machine player uses a pre-set of instructions to play with the human player. But with the machine learning techniques, the machine player can learn from its previous experiences and can improvise its performance in next rounds.
Speech recognition – Every one of us must be watching the advertisements of Google and other companies that ask you to speak on the mobile and it will answer you. That is speech recognition. With machine learning abilities, the search engines are able to provide you the best results. The United Airlines has replaced the keyboards for flight information and uses the speech recognition of flight numbers and city names. This capability can also be used to dictate instructions to the computers.
Manufacturing – Almost all manufacturing units now use machines, which are getting automated, thereby reducing the time and cost involved in the production of goods. Foxconn, the technology giant that supplies gadgets to Apple, Google and Amazon, employed 10,000 robots to balance the labour cost. Digital designing of doors, 3D printing of instruments and drugs are some other examples in this domain. Artificial Intelligence Notes
Finance – There are multiple uses of Artificial Intelligence in finances. It is employed by banks to ensure secure transactions and to prevent frauds. AI is also used to process and understand the large data that is generated in the finances process, enabling the quick data processing and understanding. Artificial Intelligence Notes
Transportation − AI is also changing the ways we use transportation. Online maps are now available that show us the route to our destination. They even suggest the shortest way and make us aware of the potential road jams. Driverless cars/trucks are also hitting the roads. It may not be far when driver-less cars become a common sight on the roads. The surcharge fares during rush hours charged by mobile app cabs are also an example of use of AI technology. Artificial Intelligence Notes
Military –AI is being used to reduce the loss of life during wars. Intelligent weapons are already in place. Intelligent soldier robots are under research that can be used instead of human soldiers. Drones and smart vehicles are already being used by the military.
Healthcare – Health care is one of the most active industries that use Artificial Intelligence. Some of the health care applications are given below: Diagnosis – MRI, CT scan, and ultrasound are some of the most commonly used image-based diagnostic tools. Different algorithm based Artificial Intelligence interfaces are available that predict the abnormalities and avoid false negative in the results. Google parent company had developed an AI that helps in detecting the cancer, which earlier could have been possible by experts only. Robot Assisted Surgery – Similar to mechanical workshops, robots are being deployed in surgeries also. Robot assistance in surgeries has made it possible to do surgeries with minimal penetration and high precision. This has resulted in faster recoveries, shorter hospital stays and less pain. Drug development – Drug development is a very tedious and long process. It takes about 20 years for a drug to come to market after passing through all the phases. With the help of AI, drug development is becoming much easier and less time-consuming. AI is being used in various phases of drug development. With the help of AI, identification of potential drug molecules, drug targets, and optimal. Artificial Intelligence Notes
Formulation has become easier Bioinformatics – A field of that use the knowledge of biology and computers together. The use of AI has made the understanding of cells physiology and biochemistry easier. AI is being used to create a virtual cell. Apart from the above, AI is also being deployed in providing nursing assistance, hospital management, laboratory works. Artificial Intelligence Notes
Education – Complementing class teaching is one of the applications of AI in education. Different students have different progress rates. And teachers find it hard to deal with the individual educational needs of their students. Machine learning algorithms have been developed that provide insights and help teachers to identify gaps in their teachings and point where student are struggling. Artificial Intelligence Notes
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Scientist robots – In 2009, scientists from the University of Cambridge and Aberystwyth University created a robot scientist named Adam. The robot was created to perform end–to-end activity involved in research without any human intervention. The robot had worked on the baker’s yeast. Using AI it has predicted that there are some specific genes involved in catalyzing biochemical reaction. The next robot Eve will be more advanced than Adam. The above describes just a few handful applications of AI. AI has made decision-making easier than never before. It is reducing human errors and increasing efficiency in the process. It is helping a dumb to speak and helping a paralysed person to express his/her thoughts. But with all these positives aspects of the technology, there is a serious debate associated with AI. For example, technological advancements have always led to the human job threats. And AI posesa major threat like never before. Recently many IT companies have been firing thousands of their employees as a result of introduction of advance technologies that no longer need human professionals. In 2016, Foxconn replaced 60,000 factory workers with robots. Apart from jobs risks, there is more serious question. If the robots become smarter than humans, can they eliminate human race? As Stephen Hawking had said, “The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.” Artificial Intelligence Notes
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